karbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences

The experiment were performed in present study to estimate the protective and the therapeutic role of
ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalies) leaves against acute destructive changes in rats
due to high dose of paracetamol, 1ml/ 1000mg/ kg that led to a particular aspect of heart necrosis,
congestion, vacuolation of heart muscle cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Leaves and stem of
(Rosemary officinalies) were collected, identified, dried, powdered and extracted by using 90% ethanol in
soxhlet apparatus. Twenty healthy albino mature male rat’s Rattus norvegicus were used in this study
were divided to four groups, including group1 (control group) group 2 were given over-dose of
paracetamol for 3 weeks, group 3 were given combination consist from high dose of paracetamol and
alcoholic extract of (Rosemary officinalies) for 6 weeks, and group 4 were given rosemary extract for 3
weeks after it was given over-dose of paracetamol for 3 weeks. The histopathological result showed that
the alcoholic extract of rosemary officinalis have the protection effect when used in combination with
high dose of paracetamol that clear in microscopic appearance of the heart muscle in group 3, while the
histopathological result of group 4 revealed the therapeutic effect to the alcoholic extract of rosemary
officinalis and the microscopic appearance showed the intact heart muscle. The present study revealed the
productive and treated role to alcoholic extract of rosemary officinalis on heart muscle after long term of
overdose of paracetamol that showed degeneration and vacuolation in muscle fiber addition that
infiltration of inflammatory cell, the extract of this plant resolve the pad tissue changes on the heart tissue
especially in group 4 that appear intact heart muscle and in group 3 showed reduce the sign of the
overdose.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. Many common diseases, injuries, and interventions cause NP by producing lesions in somatosensory pathways in the peripheral or central nervous system. Its treatment is complex with often inadequate response to treatment. Tramadol has been considered as the analgesic of choice for patients in moderate to severe pain and used as a control treatment. Combination of the skeletal muscle relaxant chlorzoxazone and the non-opioid analgesic paracetamol was investigated for their efficacy of blocking NP in comparison with the control treatment. Forty eight patients with age range 20-40 years old (27 males and 21 females) who were treated for acute neuropathic pain in Dijlah rehabilitation hospital were involved. The efficacy of treatment was assessed using 0-10 numeric pain scale. The safety issue of drugs was assessed by investigating liver function test, serum creatinine and hematological parameters. The results revealed that there is no statistical difference (p≥ 0.05) in pain treatment efficacy between the investigated treatment and the control group. The safety issue showed that there is no statistical difference (p≥ 0.05) between the measurement of laboratory data before and after time schedule of the treatment. It is concluded that chlorzoxazone / paracetamol combination therapy is an effective and safe treatment for neuropathic pain comparable to tramadol.