karbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Phytochemical investigation and urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment of parsley seeds, fennel seeds, and corn silk were studied. The aim of this study was conducted to investigation the best method of extraction on total extract, with preliminary screening of phytochemical compounds of parsley seeds (Petroselinum sativum), fennel seeds ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and corn silk ( Zea mays L.) to treat urinary tract diseases. The parts of each plant were extracted by two different methods, hot method by using distilled water and cold method was done by maceration with 90% ethanol at room temperature. In both methods the extract was dried under reduced pressure by rotary evaporator. Preliminary investigation of phytochemical compounds was done by using alkaline reagent test for flavonoids, foam test for saponins, terpenoids test for terpenoids, fehling’s reagent for reducing sugar and Dragendroff’s reagent for alkaloids. The qualitative identification was done by TLC. The results showed that the percentage yields of crud extracts by boiling with distilled water were higher than that obtained from cold maceration with 90% ethanol. The percentage of phytochemical components, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugar, terpenoids and alkaloids of water extracts were higher than that in ethanolic extracts.
The effect of extracts in the treatment of UTI displayed that the combination of three plants water extracts were stronger than ethanolic extract. Based on our knowledge this is the first study on the effect of extracts from P. sativum, F. vulgare, and Z. mays in the treatment of UTI.

Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen in patients with urinary tract infection. Blood
samples were collected from patients with UTI and healthy control. Prostate Specific
Antigen (PSA) in patients and healthy control were estimated using ELISA system. the
study current included 50 patients suffering with UTI and 40 of the control group
(healthy). Patients age groups ranged between 35-58 years and divided into four groups
according to their age percentage 30% patients among 35-40 years, 22% patients among
41-46 years and 18 % patients among 47-53 years and 30% patients among 53-58 years.
Mean concentration of the PSA level in patients serum with UTI was the high
concentration in normal PSA levels (11.5±4.4) and (14.3±3.9) in high PSA levels of the
age groups (53-58 years), In comparison with healthy groups (control). The results study
of PSA level in serum with the age groups that their correlated between patients with
UTI were significantly different (P<0.01). Significant relationships between total
prostate specific antigen levels and male. The detection of genotypes for prostatespecific
antigen in a patient. Furthermore, it needed to detection early diagnosis in cases
of urinary tract infection in male and early treatment to avoid complication.

Forms of adaptive response may be useful markers of endothelial activation and local or systemic inflammation. In this study the CD4+ T lymphocytes were evaluated during vascular disease like hypertension and the effect of other factors like sex, aging , smoking , anti hypertension drugs treatment (mainly with some β-blockers or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) and urinary tract infections on expression of the CD4+ T lymphocytes were also studied . The results showed that mean level of CD4+ T lymphocytes was increased in hypertensive patients (p≤ 0.01) and this increase is more in female compared to male . Level of CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly elevated in hypertensive subjects with age group of 30-40 years and the level started to decreased with aging. However, upon treatment with antihypertensive drugs (mainly β-blocker or angiotensin enzyme inhibitors) the level of CD4+ T lymphocytes was reported to decreased . CD4+T lympho-cytes level was significantly increased in hypertensive smoking patients(P ≤ 0.01) and in patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) .

Leukocyte binding to cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the surface of vascular endothelial cells appears to be one of the earliest events in the atherosclerotic process. In this study the concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on lymphocytes were evaluated during vascular disease like hypertension . In addition level of CAMs in hypertensive patients in response to other factors like sex, aging , smoking , anti hypertension drugs treatment (mainly with some β-blockers(propranolol) or ACE inhibitors(captopril)) and UTIs were also measured . As compared to controls mean of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated in hypertensive subjects. VCAM-1 was significant in male compared to female . Significant positive correlation was observed of VCAM-1 level in relation to ageing , Smoking and in hypertensive patients suffering from UTIs. While the level of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was found to be decreased upon anti hypertension treatment with either β-blocker or ACE inhibitor decreased.