karbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Ibuprofen is an effective, cheap, and it is one of the most commonly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which are among the most frequent prescribed medications worldwide .The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of olive oil against ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity female albino rats. In this study we used 24 female white rats and divided them into 4 equal groups. Each experimental group consisted of six animals. group1, control they were fed on diet and water without any treatment, group2, ibuprofen given at dose 40 mg/kg/day orally by gastric tube for 30 days, group3,olive oil 2 ml/kg/day (oral administration) , group4, ibuprofen at dose of 40 mg/kg/day and olive oil 2 ml/kg/day (oral administration).Treatments were administered once daily for 30 days. After 30 days, biochemical and histopathological analysis were conducted to evaluate nephrotoxicity. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, calcium, glucose, phosphorus and amylase were measured. Animals treated with ibuprofen alone showed a significant increase in serum levels of urea, creatinine and glucose and significant decrease in calcium. Treatment of rats with olive oil showed significant improvement in kidney function, presumably as a result of decreased boichemical parameters associated with ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity. Histopathological examination of the rats kidney confirmed these observations. Therefore olive oil may protect against ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity.

Ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivative, is one of the most commonly Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are among the most frequently prescribed medications worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of olive oil against ibuprofen-induced hepatotoxicity in female albino rats. In this study we used 24 female white rats and divided them into 4 equal groups. Each experimental group consisted of 6 animals. Group1,control they were fed on diet and water without any treatment ,group2, ibuprofen given at dose 40 mg/kg/day orally by gastric tube for 30 days, group3,olive oil 2 ml/kg/day (oral administation), group 4, ibuprofen at dose of 40 mg/kg/day and olive oil 2 ml/kg/day (oral administration).Treatments were administered once daily for 30 days. After 30 days, biochemical and histopathological analysis were conducted to evaluate hepatotoxicity. Serum levels of albumin, total proteins, and activity of AST, ALP, ALT and total bilirubin were measured. Animals treated with ibuprofen alone showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP and significant decrease in albumin and total proteins. Treatment of rats with olive oil showed significant improvement in hepatic function , presumably as a result of decreased boichemical parameters associated with ibuprofen-induced hepatotoxicity. Histopathological examination of the rats liver confirmed these observations. Therefore olive oil may protect against ibuprofen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Gentamicin is aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of
Gram-negative bacterial infection. In many cases, it has been the only effective
therapeutic drug against bacterial strains resistant to other antibiotics, but nephrotoxicity
and hepatotoxicity side effects limit its use. The aim of this study is to investigate the
protective effect of olive oil against gentamicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male
albino rats. In this study we used 24 wistar-albino rats and divided them into 4 equal
groups. Each experimental group consisted of six animals. group1,control they were
given normal saline only ,group2,gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal
(IP),group3,olive oil 5 ml/kg/day (oral administation) ,group 4,gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day
intraperitoneal (IP) and olive oil 5 ml/kg/day (oral administration).Treatments were
administered once daily for 21 days. After 21 days, biochemical and histopathological
analysis were conducted to evaluate hepatoranal toxicity. Serum levels of urea,
creatinine, cholesterol,triglyceride,and activity of AST and ALT were measured.Animals
treated with gentamicin alone showed a significant increase in serum levels of these
markers.Treatment of rats with olive oil showed significant improvement in renal and
hepatic function , presumably as a result of decreased boichemical parameters associated
with gentamicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity.Histopathological examination of the rats
kidneys and liver confirmed these observations. Therefore olive oil may protect against
gentamicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity

The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of camil milk on aspirin-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male albino rats. The current study included 24 male rats, which were divided into 4 groups, each group included 6 rats: group 1 as a control group, Group 2 was given aspirin at 100 mg/kg /day, orally via gavage ,Group 3 was given camil milk orally via gavage at 1 mL/kg/day and group 4 were given aspirin at 100 mg/kg/day and (after 3 hours) camil milk at 1 mL/kg/day, orally via gavage for 30 days. The results show significantly increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, which is associated with histopathological damage of the liver. Aspirin increased oxidative stress through the increase in malodialdehyde level and decrease in superoxide dismutase , catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. This modulation of the biological parameter histological damage is significantly neutralized by the administration of the camil milk. From which we can conduct that administer of the camil milk reduce the toxicity and damage caused by the aspirin.

Peptic ulcer diseases are one of the wide spread diseases. The causes of peptic ulcer diseases are increases gastric acid secretion. Studies focusing on the harmful effect of intra-gastric administration of ethanol which results in gastric mucosal injury, characterized by mucosal edema, sub-epithelial hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Omeprazole and pantoprazole are proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of gastric ulcer and gastroesophageal disease that inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking the H+/K+- adenosine triphosphate enzyme. The present study was carried out to determine the anti-ulcer activity of proton pump inhibitors ( omeprazole 10mg/kg and pantoprazole 3 mg/kg) on ethanol- induced ulcer rat model. Healthy Sprague Dawley rats with 12-14 weeks of age of either sex weighing between 150-200 gm. were used for present study. The animals were divided into three groups six animals in each .The ulcer was induced by administering ethanol 50% orally and the treated groups was drenched 10mg/kg omeprazole and pantoprazole 3mg/kg. The anti-ulcer activity of omeprazole and pantoprazole was able to protect against ulcer formation by ethanol was indicated by a decrease in ulcer index of both treated groups. From this study it can be concluded that omeprazole and pantoprazole possess anti-ulcerogenic activity. Besides , omeprazole might be better than pantoprazole in protection against ethanol- induced ulcer.

Background: Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing for initiation and propagation of renal damage induced by several chemicals such as DDT. Silymarin, the dried extract of the ripe seeds of the plant Silybum marianum is found to be a powerful protective agent against toxin-induced tissue injury in many organs especially the liver by its antioxidant property; accordingly, the intended property needs to be clarified in other organ subjected to toxic chemicals.
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of silymarin on the status of oxidative stress by measuring the levels of (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in renal tissue in addition to assessment of the serum levels of urea and creatinine and examination of possible histological renal changes induced in rats by a toxic dose of DDT.
Methods: White albino rats were administered a single oral dose of DDT (100mg/kg) to induce renal toxicity. Silymarin was orally administered twice daily dose (500 mg/kg) for 7-days prior to DDT administration, then the animals were sacrificed 24-hours after DDT-treatment. The parameters of oxidative stress, MDA contents and GSH levels were measured in renal tissue homogenate. Blood was collected for measuring serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to the histological examination of the kidneys.
Results: Treatment of rats with silymarin for 7-days prior to DDT administration caused a significant reduction in the contents of the lipid peroxidation end product, MDA down to (61%) with the increasing in the levels of GSH levels up to (82%) in renal tissue homogenate compared to DDT-treated animals. Furthermore, silymarin was able to counteract significantly the elevation in the levels of serum urea and creatinine by about 38% and 34%, respectively compared to DDT-treated rats. Sections of rats' kidney treated with silymarin 7 days prior to DDT administration, elicited improvement in the histopathological changes induced by DDT characterized by inhibition of cloudy swelling, inflammation and necrosis.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, it is conclude that silymarin have antioxidant property through direct and/or indirect mechanism that provide protective effects against DDT-induced nephrotoxicity, and makes it a good candidate to be tried clinically in this respect.